خط الثُلُث هو من أجمل أنواع من الخطوط العربية ، ظهر لأول مرة في القرن الهجري الرابع. وهو من أشهر أنواع الخطوط العربية المتأصلة من خط النسخ .
خط الثُلُث
سمي بهذا الاسم لأنه يكتب بقلم يُقَطّ محرَّفًا بسُمْك ثلث قطر القلم، لأنه يحتاج إلى كتابة بحرف القلم مع سمكه. وهو من أصعب الخطوط العربية من حيث القواعد والموازيين ولذلك سمي بأسد الخطوط العربية ، وهو يمتاز بالمرونة ومتانة التركيب وبراعة التأليف والاجتهاد في إظهار أعمال فينه رائعة.
خط الثلث وأصل تسميته
كان العرب قديمًا يكتبون بخط الطومار، والطومار هو ورق محدد حجمه وكبير، فيلزم أن تكون قصبة الخطاط ( قلم الخطاط ) تتناسب مع حجم الورقة. إذ كان عرض القصبة 18 شعرة من شعر الحصان التركماني. لكنهم رؤوا أن الخط أعرض من اللازم، فاختصروا ثلثه وأبقوا على 12 شعرة وسموه خط الثلثين، بعده اختصروا الثلث الثاني إلى 8 شعرات وسمي خط الثلث إلى وقتنا هذا ويشتهر بذلك.
خط الثلث وأنواعه
ينقسم إلى ثلاثة أنواع :
- 1- ثلث مفرق
- 2- ثلث مشبك
- 3- ثلث وسط
يضـــاف إليـهــــم:
- الثلث الجلي.
- ثلث المحبوك.
- الثلث الزخرفي.
- الثلث المختزل.
- الثلث المتناظر.
- الثلث المسلسل.
خط الثلث ونماذج لبعض المبدعين
من أشهر الخطاطين العرب
- ( ابن مقلة ) محمد بن علي 272-328 للهجرة، ويسمى إمام الخطاطين .
- ( ابن البواب ) علي بن هلال، المتوفى سنة 423 للهجرة، وكان يسمى صاعقة عصره .
- ( ياقوت المستعصمي ) جمال الدين ياقوت الرومي، قبلة الكتَّاب المتوفى سنة 698 للهجرة. علم من أعلام الخطاطين .
- خالد بن الهياج (خالد بن أبي الهيَّاج في بعض المراجع) اشتهر بكثرة كتابته للمصاحف والتجويد بها .
- علي بن هلال البغدادي وهو من خطاطي العصر العباسي .
- شرف الدين أبو عبدالله محمد بن سعيد البوصيري (608-695 هـ) صاحب البردة .
- محمد درويش البروشكي الموصلي .
- محمد حسني الخطاط دمشقي سوري الأصل .
- محمد طاهر بن عبد القادر الكردي الأربيلي .
وفي مقالات قادمة إن شاء الله سنتكلم عنهم بالتفصيل ومن جاء بعدهم .
المصادر التي اعتمدنا عليها
- اللجنة الدولية للحفاظ على التراث الحضاري الإسلامي: “أمشاق الخطاط محمد شوقي في الثلث والنسخ”، إسطنبول 1999.
- موقع ويكيبيديا
- موقع إسلام أون لاين
وفي الختام نرجو أن نكون قد وضعنا بين أيدكم معلومه مفيدة شاركوها مع آخرين ونحن معكم بيت الخط العربي لأي استفسار حتى يعم الخير بين الناس
اكتشاف المزيد من بيت الخط العربي
اشترك للحصول على أحدث التدوينات المرسلة إلى بريدك الإلكتروني.
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